Why Do We Celebrate New Year's? (Почему мы празднуем Новый год?)

Ahoy! Lets Think! Today we answer the question, Why Do we celebrate New Years? 

We celebrate a new year at Midnight on the last day of December, but why do we do this? How did we decide when one year ends and another one begins? 

Well it all started a long time ago, 4,000 years to be exact when in ancient Babylon they celebrated the new year at the first new moon after the vernal equinox which was actually in late March. There was a 11 day festival where they celebrated many things and had a big party but no giant lit up ball like we have in New York today! 

So why do we now celebrate New years in January? Well throughout time different civilizations welcomed the new year based on different things like a significant astronomical or agricultural event. The Romans actually celebrated New Years in March, following their lunar cycle until 46 B.C., when the emperor Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar. 

Caesar honored the month's namesake Janus the Roman god of beginnings whose two faces allowed him to look simultaneously into the past and the future .Caesar instituted January 1 as the first day of the year. 

Today, the New Year is celebrated in different ways all around the world, but typical New Year's traditions include everything from toasting with champagne and eating foods thought to bestow good luck to making resolutions for the coming year. Some people kiss their loved ones at midnight as a sign of good luck and celebration. 

People want to celebrate all the good things that happened the past year and make resolutions, this could be as simple as going to the gym more! 

So that answers the question, why do we celebrate new years! That took some thinking!

Neil Armstrong

 

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We want to help you improve your English while enjoying an inspiring tale about Neil Armstrong.

His journey is filled with valuable lessons about perseverance, teamwork, and exploration.

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Chapter 1 - Early Years Neil Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930, in a small town called Wapakoneta, Ohio.

Wapakoneta was a quiet place, surrounded by farmland and small homes. Neil's parents, Stephen and Viola Armstrong, were very proud of their new baby boy.

Stephen worked as an auditor, and Viola took care of the home. They taught Neil to be curious and to work hard.

As a child, Neil was like many other boys. He loved to play outside and explore.

But there was one thing that made Neil very different from his friends. He loved airplanes.

From a very young age, Neil was fascinated by the idea of flying.

He would spend hours reading books about airplanes and watching them in the sky. One summer day, when Neil was six years old, his father took him to a local air show.

It was a warm and sunny day, and the sky was clear. Neil's eyes sparkled with excitement as they approached the airfield.

The sound of engines roared in the distance, and Neil could see planes of all shapes and sizes lined up.

Stephen bought two tickets, and they entered the air show. Neil couldn't believe his eyes.

There were biplanes, fighter jets, and even a glider. Neil's heart raced as he watched the planes take off and perform loops and dives in the air.

He had never seen anything so amazing in his life. Then came the moment that would change Neil's life forever.

His father asked if he wanted to go for a ride in one of the small planes. Neil's face lit up with joy, and he eagerly nodded.

They walked over to a bright yellow biplane. The pilot, a friendly man with a big smile, helped Neil into the seat.

Stephen took a seat behind him. The engine roared to life, and the plane began to move down the runway.

Neil felt a rush of excitement as the wheels left the ground. For the first time, he was flying.

The world below looked so different from the sky. Houses and cars looked tiny, and the fields stretched out like a green patchwork quilt.

Neil felt free and happy. He knew at that moment that he wanted to be a pilot when he grew up.

After the ride, Neil couldn't stop talking about it. He told his friends and family about every detail.

His parents saw how much he loved flying, so they encouraged his interest. They bought him model airplane kits, and Neil would spend hours building them.

He was very careful and precise, making sure every piece was in the right place.

As Neil grew older, his passion for flying only grew stronger. He joined the Boy Scouts and earned badges in aviation and other subjects.

Neil was a bright student and loved to learn new things. He was especially good at math and science.

These subjects would be very important for his future as a pilot and astronaut.

When Neil was in high school, he got a job at the local airport. He worked hard, cleaning planes and doing other small tasks.

In return, the pilots taught him about airplanes and how they worked. Neil saved all the money he earned to pay for flying lessons.

He was determined to learn how to fly. At the age of 16, Neil achieved his dream.

He got his pilot's license before he even got his driver's license. He was the youngest person at the local flying club.

Neil spent every spare moment flying. He loved the feeling of being in the air, the freedom, and the sense of adventure.

Neil's dedication to his dreams was clear to everyone who knew him. His teachers at school admired his focus and hard work.

Neil knew that to become a successful pilot, he needed to continue his education.

After high school, he decided to study aeronautical engineering at Purdue University.

This was a big step for Neil, but he was ready for the challenge.

University life was not easy. Neil had to work very hard to keep up with his studies.

Aeronautical engineering was a difficult subject, full of complex math and science.

But Neil was determined. He spent long hours in the library, studying and doing his homework.

His hard work paid off, and he did very well in his classes. During his time at Purdue, Neil also joined the Navy.

He wanted to become a naval aviator, flying planes for the U.S. Navy. This was a dream come true for Neil.

He went through tough training and learned how to fly many different types of aircraft.

Neil's skills as a pilot grew stronger every day. Neil's early years were full of hard work and dedication.

His love for flying began as a young boy and grew stronger with each passing year.

He faced many challenges, but never gave up on his dreams. Neil's determination and passion for aviation would lead him to amazing adventures and one day, to the surface of the moon. Neil's story teaches us an important lesson.

If you have a dream and work hard, you can achieve great things.

From a small town in Ohio to the vastness of space, Neil Armstrong's journey shows that with curiosity, dedication and hard work, anything is possible. His early years set the foundation for his incredible achievements and inspire us to reach for the stars.

Neil Armstrong's journey into the world of aviation began in a small town in Ohio.

From a young age, Neil was fascinated by airplanes. He loved watching them soar through the sky, imagining himself in the pilot's seat.

This passion would shape his future and lead him to incredible heights. When Neil was 15, he took a job at the local airport.

His job was to clean planers, sweep the hangars and help the mechanics.

It was hard work, but Neil didn't mind. He loved being close to the airplanes, smelling the fuel and listening to the engines roar.

Each day at the airport made him more determined to become a pilot.

One day, a kind pilot named Mr. Johnson noticed Neil's dedication.

Mr. Johnson had been a pilot for many years and saw potential in Neil. He decided to teach Neil how to fly.

Neil was overjoyed. He started his flying lessons with excitement and a bit of nervousness.

Learning to fly was not easy. Neil had to understand many new things. He learned about aerodynamics, which is how air moves around objects.

He studied the parts of an airplane and how they work together to make it fly.

He also learned about weather and how it affects flying. Neil found these subjects fascinating and he studied hard.

Neil's first flight lesson was unforgettable. He sat in the cockpit, feeling the plane's controls under his hands.

Mr. Johnson sat beside him, giving instructions. The plane rolled down the runway, picking up speed.

Neil's heart pounded with excitement. Suddenly, the plane lifted off the ground.

Neil was flying. During his lessons, Neil faced many challenges.

He had to learn how to take off and land safely. He practiced making turns and flying in a straight line.

Mr. Johnson taught him how to navigate using a map and compass. Neil made mistakes, but he never gave up.

Each mistake was a lesson and he became a better pilot with each flight.

After months of hard work, Neil was ready to take his pilot's test. The test was a big challenge.

He had to show that he could fly the plane safely and handle any problems that might come up.

Neil felt nervous, but he was well prepared. He passed the test and earned his pilot's license at the age of 16.

It was a proud moment for Neil. He had achieved his first major goal.

With his pilot's license in hand, Neil spent as much time as possible in the air.

He joined the local flying club and flew every chance he got. Each flight brought new experiences and new skills.

Neil's love for flying grew stronger with each passing day. Neil's passion for aviation did not stop with flying.

He wanted to understand everything about airplanes, from how they were built to how they flew.

This curiosity led him to pursue a career in aerospace engineering.

After high school, Neil applied to Purdue University, a school known for its excellent engineering programme.

He was accepted and began his studies in aeronautical engineering.

University life was challenging for Neil. Aeronautical engineering was a tough subject, full of complex math and science.

Neil studied hard, often staying up late to finish his homework and projects.

He learned about the principles of flight, the design of aircraft and the materials used to build them.

Neil found these subjects fascinating. He loved solving problems and figuring out how things worked.

At Purdue, Neil also had the opportunity to continue flying.

The university had a flying club, and Neil quickly joined. He met other students who shared his passion for aviation.

They spent weekends flying and discussing their dreams of becoming pilots and engineers.

These friendships were important to Neil, providing support and inspiration.

During his time at Purdue, Neil faced many challenges.

The workload was heavy, and the subjects were difficult. But Neil was determined.

He knew that his education was the key to achieving his dreams. He stayed focused and worked hard, earning good grades and the respect of his professors.

One of Neil's most memorable experiences at Purdue was his summer internship at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA, which later became NASA.

He worked with engineers and scientists who were at the forefront of aviation research.

Neil was fascinated by their work and eager to learn. This experience confirmed his decision to pursue a career in aerospace engineering.

After graduating from Purdue, Neil's journey continued. He joined the Navy and trained as a naval aviator.

This training was tough, pushing Neil to his limits. He flew many different types of aircraft, learning new skills and gaining valuable experience.

Neil's dedication and hard work paid off, and he became a skilled and respected pilot.

Neil's first steps in aviation were filled with challenges and achievements.

From earning his pilot's license at 16 to studying aerospace engineering at Purdue, Neil's passion for flying and his determination to succeed drove him forward. His experiences as a young pilot and student laid the foundation for his future as an astronaut and a pioneer in space exploration.

Neil Armstrong's journey as a pilot took a dramatic turn when he served as a naval aviator during the Korean War.

This chapter of his life was full of challenges and critical moments that tested his skills and bravery.

In 1949, Neil joined the United States Navy.

He was eager to serve his country and to gain more experience as a pilot. His training was tough, and he learned to fly various aircraft, including fighter jets.

Neil worked hard, improving his flying skills and learning how to handle difficult situations.

When the Korean War began in 1950, Neil was ready to put his training to the test.

He was assigned to Fighter Squadron 51 and stationed on the aircraft carrier USS Essex.

This massive ship was like a floating city, complete with a runway for planes to take off and land.

The Korean War was a dangerous conflict. The skies over Korea were filled with enemy planes and anti-aircraft guns.

Neil and his fellow pilots had to be very careful. They flew many missions, often under heavy fire.

These missions were vital to support the troops on the ground. One of Neil's most critical missions took place in September 1951.

Neil was flying a Grumman F9F Panther, a powerful jet fighter. His mission was to destroy a supply bridge used by enemy forces.

As he approached the target, the sky was filled with anti-aircraft fire.

Explosions rocked the plane, but Neil stayed focused. He released his bombs, hitting the bridge.

But just as he was about to pull away, his plane was hit. The explosion damaged the aircraft, and Neil struggled to control it.

He knew he had to act quickly. He flew the damaged plane over friendly territory and managed to eject just in time.

Neil parachuted safely to the ground and was rescued by friendly forces.

This experience was a turning point for Neil. He learned the importance of staying calm under pressure and thinking quickly in dangerous situations.

These skills would be crucial in his future career as an astronaut. During the war, Neil flew 78 combat missions.

Each mission taught him something new and made him a better pilot. He learned how to navigate in difficult conditions, how to make quick decisions, and how to work as part of a team. These lessons were invaluable. One of Neil's most memorable missions was a reconnaissance flight over enemy territory.

His task was to take photographs of enemy positions to help plan future attacks.

Neil flew low and fast, dodging enemy fire. The mission was successful, and the information he gathered was crucial for the war effort.

Neil's bravery and skill did not go unnoticed. He earned several awards, including the Air Medal and the Gold Star.

These honours were a testament to his dedication and excellence as a pilot.

The Korean War was a challenging time for Neil. He faced danger every day and saw the horrors of war up close.

But it was also a time of growth and learning. Neil's experiences in the war shaped him into a strong, capable pilot.

He learned to stay calm in the face of danger, to make quick and effective decisions, and to work well under pressure. After the war, Neil returned to the United States.

He continued to serve in the Navy, but his experiences in Korea had a lasting impact on him.

He knew that he wanted to continue exploring the skies and pushing the boundaries of flight.

Neil's time in the Korean War also taught him the importance of teamwork.

He worked closely with other pilots, ground crews, and military personnel.

They relied on each other to complete their missions and stay safe.

This sense of camaraderie and teamwork would be important in Neil's future career as an astronaut.

In 1952, Neil decided to further his education.

He left active duty and returned to Purdue University to complete his studies in aeronautical engineering.

His experiences in the war gave him a new perspective and a deeper understanding of the importance of his education. Neil's service in the Korean War was a defining chapter in his life.

It was a time of great challenge and great achievement. He faced danger with bravery and learned lessons that would serve him throughout his career.

Neil's experiences as a naval aviator helped prepare him for the incredible journey that lay ahead, the journey to the moon. As you think about Neil's time in the Korean War, remember the importance of staying calm under pressure, working as a team, and never giving up in the face of challenges.

Neil's story is a reminder that even in the most difficult times, we can learn, grow, and achieve great things.

The skills Neil honed during the war—quick thinking, calmness under pressure, and teamwork—would be crucial in his later life. These skills would help him become one of the most famous astronauts in history.

Neil Armstrong's journey from the skies of Korea to the surface of the moon is a testament to the power of determination and hard work. Neil Armstrong's experiences in the Korean War were not just about flying missions and facing danger.

They were about learning to be a leader, to trust his instincts, and to work with others toward a common goal.

These lessons stayed with him and helped him achieve his dreams. As Neil looked back on his time in the war, he knew that those experiences had made him a better pilot and a stronger person. The Korean War was a challenging chapter in Neil Armstrong's life, but it was also a chapter that helped shape him into the hero he would become.

After the Korean War, Neil Armstrong returned to the United States with a wealth of experience and a burning passion for aviation. His journey as a pilot was far from over.

In fact, it was about to take an exciting turn as he transitioned from military pilot to test pilot.

This new role would place him on the cutting edge of aviation technology.

Neil completed his studies at Purdue University, earning a degree in aeronautical engineering.

His education and military experience made him a perfect candidate for a new and challenging job.

In 1955, Neil joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA, which later became NASA.

His role was to test experimental aircraft and push the boundaries of what was possible in flight.

As a test pilot, Neil worked at the high-speed flight station in California, now known as the Armstrong Flight Research Center. Here, Neil flew various experimental aircraft, each designed to test new technologies and ideas.

This job was both thrilling and dangerous. Test pilots often flew at the edges of what was known and safe.

One of Neil's early assignments was to fly the Bell X-1B, a rocket plane that could reach supersonic speeds.

The X-1B was part of a series of aircraft designed to break the sound barrier and explore high-speed flight.

Flying at these speeds was challenging. Neil had to understand aerodynamics, navigation, and how to handle the plane under extreme conditions.

Neil's calm demeanor and sharp mind made him an excellent test pilot. He meticulously prepared for each flight, studying the aircraft and planning for every possible scenario.

His ability to stay calm under pressure, honed during his time in the Korean War, was crucial in this high-stakes environment. In addition to the X-1B, Neil flew many other experimental aircraft.

One of the most remarkable was the X-15 rocket plane. The X-15 was a unique aircraft designed to fly at extremely high altitudes and speeds.

It could reach the edge of space, travelling at over 4,500 miles per hour.

The X-15 programme aimed to gather data on aerodynamics, stability and control at these incredible speeds.

Neil's flights in the X-15 were some of the most thrilling of his career. Each flight was a leap into the unknown.

The X-15 was launched from a B-52 bomber, which carried it to high altitudes before releasing it.

Once free, Neil ignited the rocket engine, and the plane shot forward, climbing rapidly.

Flying the X-15 was not like flying any other plane. The speeds and altitudes involved meant that the aircraft behaved differently.

Neil had to rely on his training, instincts and quick thinking to control the plane.

He experienced intense g-forces, and the slightest mistake could be catastrophic.

On one flight, Neil encountered a problem. As the X-15 reached its peak altitude, it began to pitch and yaw unexpectedly.

Neil had to act fast to regain control. He used the small reaction control thrusters, designed for use in space, to stabilise the plane.

His quick thinking and calm response brought the X-15 back under control, and he safely returned to the ground.

Neil's work as a test pilot was not just about flying planes. He also contributed to the design and improvement of aircraft.

His feedback was invaluable to engineers and scientists. Neil's insights helped refine the designs of the planes he flew, making them safer and more effective.

During his time at NACA and NASA, Neil became known for his professionalism and dedication.

He earned the respect of his colleagues and superiors. His work was not always in the spotlight, but it was crucial to advancing aviation technology.

Neil's experiences as a test pilot also prepared him for his future role as an astronaut.

He learned to operate in extreme environments, handle complex systems, and stay calm in the face of unexpected challenges. These skills would prove essential in the years to come.

In 1962, Neil took a significant step in his career. He applied to become an astronaut with NASA.

The space programme was still in its early days, and NASA was looking for talented pilots and engineers to join the team. Neil's experience as a test pilot made him an ideal candidate.

Out of thousands of applicants, Neil was selected as one of NASA's second group of astronauts.

This group, known as the New Nine, included other future space pioneers like Jim Lovell and Frank Borman.

Neil's selection was a testament to his skill, experience and dedication.

As Neil transitioned to his new role as an astronaut, he carried with him the lessons he had learned as a test pilot. His ability to stay calm under pressure, his meticulous preparation and his deep understanding of aircraft systems would serve him well in the challenging missions ahead.

Neil Armstrong's journey from military pilot to test pilot was marked by courage, skill and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. His work at NACA and NASA pushed the boundaries of what was possible in aviation and laid the groundwork for the next phase of his incredible career. Neil's story reminds us of the importance of dedication, hard work and a willingness to explore the unknown.

His experiences as a test pilot were a crucial part of his journey, preparing him for the challenges and triumphs that lay ahead in his quest to reach the stars.

In 1962, Neil Armstrong's life took another exciting turn. After his work as a test pilot, Neil was ready for a new challenge.

He applied to become an astronaut with NASA. The space program was still young and NASA was looking for talented and brave individuals to explore the unknown.

The selection process was tough. Thousands of skilled pilots and engineers applied, but only a few would be chosen.

Neil's experience as a test pilot, his calm demeanor and his dedication to aviation made him a strong candidate.

After careful consideration, NASA selected Neil as one of the New Nine, the second group of astronauts.

This group included other future space pioneers like Jim Lovell and Frank Borman.

Neil felt proud and excited to be part of this elite group. He knew that being an astronaut would be challenging, but he was ready for the hard work ahead.

The training was intense and rigorous, designed to prepare astronauts for the unknown challenges of space.

The training began with learning about the spacecraft. Neil and his fellow astronauts studied the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft inside and out.

They learned how every system worked and how to fix problems that might arise.

This knowledge was crucial because once in space, there would be no one to help them if something went wrong.

Physical fitness was also a big part of the training. Astronauts had to be in excellent shape to withstand the stresses of space travel.

Neil and the others spent long hours running, lifting weights and doing other exercises to build their strength and endurance. One of the most challenging parts of the training was learning to operate in zero gravity.

NASA built a special plane, known as the Vomit Comet, to simulate weightlessness.

The plane would fly in a steep arc, creating brief periods of zero gravity at the top of each arc.

Neil and the other astronauts practiced moving, eating and working in this weightless environment.

It was strange and sometimes uncomfortable, but they knew it was essential for their missions.

Training also included survival skills. Astronauts needed to be prepared for emergency landings in remote areas.

Neil learned how to survive in the desert, the jungle and the ocean.

He practiced building shelters, finding food and water and signalling for help.

These skills were crucial, as an emergency landing could happen anywhere in the world.

The astronauts also spent a lot of time in simulators. These machines replicated the conditions of space travel, allowing the astronauts to practice their missions over and over. Neil and his fellow astronauts practiced everything from launching the spacecraft to landing on the Moon.

They ran through countless scenarios, preparing for every possible situation.

This practice helped build their confidence and ensured they were ready for anything.

During the training, Neil developed strong bonds with his fellow astronauts.

They trained together, learned together and supported each other. This camaraderie was important, as space missions required teamwork and trust.

The astronauts knew they could rely on each other in the most challenging situations.

Neil's first spaceflight came in 1966, with the Gemini 8 mission.

He was the command pilot, with David Scott as his co-pilot. The mission was a crucial step toward landing a man on the Moon.

Its main objective was to dock with an unmanned Agena target vehicle in orbit, a critical skill for future Moon missions. The launch of Gemini 8 was a tense and exciting moment.

Neil and David sat in the cramped spacecraft, their eyes focused on the instruments.

The countdown began, and the rocket roared to life. The spacecraft shook as it lifted off the ground, climbing higher and higher into the sky.

Once in orbit, Neil and David began their mission. They manoeuvred the Gemini spacecraft closer to the Agena.

Using the onboard controls, Neil skillfully guided the spacecraft, and they successfully docked with the Agena.

It was a significant achievement, demonstrating that docking in space was possible.

However, the mission soon faced a critical problem. After docking, the spacecraft began to spin uncontrollably.

Neil and David quickly realised that a thruster was stuck open, causing the spin.

They tried to fix the problem, but the situation grew worse. The spin was so fast that they were at risk of losing consciousness.

Neil's training and calm under pressure were vital at this moment. He decided to undock from the Agena, hoping to regain control of the Gemini spacecraft.

The manoeuvre worked, but the spacecraft was still spinning. Using the re-entry control system, Neil managed to stop the spin.

It was a tense and dangerous situation, but Neil's quick thinking and skill saved the mission.

Despite the problems, Gemini 8 was a success in many ways. It demonstrated Neil's ability to handle emergencies, and confirmed that docking in space was possible.

These lessons were crucial for the upcoming Apollo missions.

After Gemini 8, Neil continued to train for future missions. The goal was clear, landing a man on the Moon.

The training became even more intense as NASA prepared for the Apollo programme. Neil and his fellow astronauts practised lunar landings, studied the Moon's surface, and prepared for the challenges of working in the harsh environment of space. The camaraderie among the astronauts grew stronger.

They supported each other through the gruelling training, sharing knowledge and experiences.

This teamwork was essential, as the success of the missions depended on their ability to work together.

Neil Armstrong's journey to becoming an astronaut was marked by hard work, dedication, and a willingness to face new challenges. His training for the Gemini and Apollo missions prepared him for the incredible journey ahead.

Neil's experiences taught him the importance of preparation, teamwork, and staying calm under pressure.

Joining NASA was a significant step in Neil's career, setting the stage for his historic journey to the Moon.

His story inspires us to pursue our dreams, work hard, and face challenges with courage and determination.

As Neil prepared for the next chapter in his journey, he knew that the sky was no longer the limit.

He was ready to reach for the stars.

Chapter Six The Gemini Mission Neil Armstrong's first spaceflight was the Gemini 8 mission, a crucial step in America's journey to the Moon. This mission was filled with dramatic moments that tested Neil's skills and courage.

It was a mission where Neil's quick thinking and calm under pressure saved the spacecraft and crew from disaster.

The Gemini 8 mission launched on March 16, 1966.

Neil Armstrong was the command pilot, and David Scott was his co-pilot.

The primary objective of the mission was to dock with an unmanned Agena target vehicle in orbit.

Docking in space was an essential skill for future Moon missions, as it would allow astronauts to transfer between spacecraft. As the countdown began, Neil and David sat in the Gemini spacecraft, focusing on their instruments.

The rocket engines roared to life, and the spacecraft lifted off the ground.

The launch was smooth, and soon they were in orbit around the Earth.

The first part of the mission had gone perfectly. Once in orbit, Neil and David began to prepare for the docking manoeuvre.

The Agena target vehicle was already in orbit, and their task was to approach it and dock.

This required precise control and careful calculations. Neil's experience as a test pilot had prepared him well for this challenge.

Using the spacecraft's thrusters, Neil carefully manoeuvred closer to the Agena.

The docking required slow, steady movements to ensure the two spacecraft would connect correctly.

Neil's hands were steady on the controls, and his eyes focused on the docking target.

As they approached the Agena, the tension in the spacecraft grew. This was a critical moment, and everyone knew it.

Slowly, the Gemini spacecraft aligned with the Agena, and with a soft click, they docked successfully.

Neil and David exchanged smiles of relief and satisfaction. They had achieved a major milestone in space exploration.

However, the celebration was short-lived. Shortly after docking, the Gemini spacecraft began to spin uncontrollably.

At first, the spin was slow, but it quickly became faster and more violent.

Neil and David were pushed back into their seats by the force. They quickly realised that something was very wrong.

Neil tried to control the spin using the spacecraft's thrusters, but it didn't work.

The situation was growing more dangerous by the second. The rapid spinning could make them lose consciousness, or even damage the spacecraft.

Neil's training and experience as a pilot were crucial in this moment. He decided to undock from the Agena, hoping it would stop the spin.

With calm determination, Neil operated the controls, and the Gemini spacecraft separated from the Agena.

For a moment, it seemed like the problem was solved, but the spacecraft continued to spin.

The situation was critical. Using the re-entry control system, Neil managed to regain some control over the spacecraft.

He carefully used the remaining thrusters to slow the spin. His hands moved quickly and precisely over the controls, his mind racing through the options.

Slowly, the spinning stopped. Neil's quick thinking and piloting skills had averted a disaster.

Once the spacecraft was stable, Neil and David assessed the situation.

They were safe, but the mission had to be cut short. They needed to return to Earth.

Neil guided the Gemini spacecraft through re-entry, and they splashed down in the Pacific Ocean.

Recovery teams quickly arrived to bring them back to safety. The Gemini 8 mission was a success in many ways, but it was also a reminder of the dangers of space exploration.

The docking manoeuvre had been successful, showing that it was possible to connect two spacecraft in orbit.

However, the malfunction and the subsequent spin highlighted the need for careful planning and quick thinking.

After the mission, an investigation revealed that a thruster on the Gemini spacecraft had malfunctioned, causing the spin. The mission provided valuable lessons that would help improve the design and operation of future spacecraft.

Neil Armstrong's performance during the Gemini 8 mission earned him great respect.

His calm under pressure and ability to handle a dangerous situation were widely praised.

He demonstrated that he had the skills and determination needed for space exploration.

The Gemini 8 mission was a turning point in Neil's career. It showed that he could handle the most challenging situations with skill and composure.

These qualities would be crucial in his future missions, especially as he prepared for the ultimate challenge, landing on the Moon. As you think about the Gemini 8 mission, remember the importance of preparation and training.

Neil's experience as a test pilot and his rigorous training as an astronaut prepared him for the unexpected challenges of space travel. His story reminds us that success often comes from hard work, dedication and the ability to stay calm in the face of danger. The Gemini 8 mission was not just a test of technology, but a test of human spirit and ingenuity.

Neil Armstrong's quick thinking and bravery saved the mission and set the stage for future achievements in space exploration. His actions during this mission continue to inspire us to reach for the stars and to face challenges with courage and determination. Neil Armstrong's journey through the Gemini 8 mission is a testament to the power of preparation, teamwork and quick thinking. It teaches us that even in the most critical moments, staying calm and focused can make all the difference.

As we look to the future of space exploration, we can draw inspiration from Neil's example, knowing that with the right skills and determination, we too can achieve great things.

You're listening to Woo English. If you enjoyed learning about Neil Armstrong's incredible journey, his pioneering achievements in space exploration and the valuable lessons we can take from his life, please like and comment on the story.

Chapter 7. Preparing for Apollo 11 The Apollo 11 mission was one of the most important events in human history.

It aimed to land the first humans on the moon and bring them back safely. Neil Armstrong was chosen to command this historic mission.

Along with his fellow astronauts, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, Neil faced months of intense preparation.

The planning for Apollo 11 was meticulous. Every detail had to be perfect.

The team at NASA worked around the clock to ensure the mission's success. They knew that the whole world would be watching.

Neil, Buzz and Michael were a perfect team.

Neil was the mission commander, responsible for the overall success of the mission.

Buzz was the lunar module pilot, and Michael was the command module pilot.

Each had a crucial role to play. The training began with learning about the spacecraft.

The Apollo spacecraft had two main parts. The command module, where Michael would stay in orbit around the moon, and the lunar module, which Neil and Buzz would use to land on the moon. The astronauts spent hours studying the spacecraft's systems and practicing how to operate them.

Simulations were a big part of the training. NASA built detailed simulators that replicated every aspect of the mission.

Neil, Buzz and Michael practiced every step of the journey, from launch to landing.

They went through countless scenarios, including possible problems and emergencies.

This practice was essential to prepare them for any situation they might face.

One of the most challenging parts of the training was the lunar landing simulation.

Neil and Buzz had to practice landing the lunar module on the moon's surface.

This was a complex task, requiring precise control and careful planning.

The simulators allowed them to experience what it would be like to fly and land in the low gravity of the moon.

Physical fitness was also crucial. The astronauts had to be in excellent shape to handle the stresses of space travel.

They followed a strict exercise regimen, including running, weightlifting and swimming.

Staying fit would help them endure the physical challenges of the mission.

The astronauts also trained for life on the moon. They practiced moving in bulky spacesuits and handling the tools they would use on the lunar surface.

They learned how to collect rock samples and set up scientific experiments.

This training took place in a special area designed to mimic the moon's rocky terrain.

Teamwork was a key focus of the training. Neil, Buzz and Michael needed to work together seamlessly.

They spent hours discussing the mission, sharing knowledge and supporting each other.

This camaraderie was vital, as their lives would depend on their ability to cooperate and trust each other.

The support teams at NASA also played a crucial role. Engineers, scientists and technicians worked tirelessly to prepare the spacecraft and plan the mission.

They ran countless tests and checks to ensure everything was ready.

The astronauts knew they could rely on these dedicated professionals. As the launch date approached, the excitement and tension grew.

The world was watching and the pressure was immense. Neil, Buzz and Michael remained focused, knowing that their preparation would guide them through the mission.

The day of the launch arrived on July 16th, 1969.

The astronauts suited up and made their way to the launch pad. The Saturn V rocket, the most powerful rocket ever built, stood ready to take them to the moon.

Neil felt a mix of excitement and responsibility. He knew the importance of the mission and was ready to make history.

The countdown began and the rocket engines roared to life. The ground shook as the Saturn V lifted off, carrying the Apollo 11 spacecraft into the sky.

Neil, Buzz and Michael were on their way to the moon. The months of hard work and preparation had led to this moment.

During the journey to the moon, the astronauts continued to rely on their training.

They carefully monitored the spacecraft's systems and made necessary adjustments.

The journey took three days and the crew worked closely together, supporting each other every step of the way.

As they approached the moon, the excitement grew. Michael remained in the command module, orbiting the moon, while Neil and Buzz prepared to descend to the surface in the lunar module, named Eagle. The landing was a critical moment, requiring precise control and careful planning.

Neil piloted the lunar module with skill and calm determination. As they descended, they encountered some unexpected difficulties.

The planned landing site was too rocky and Neil had to find a safer spot.

With only seconds of fuel remaining, Neil spotted a flat area and guided the Eagle to a safe landing.

The lunar module touched down on the moon's surface and Neil's voice crackled over the radio.

Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.

Cheers erupted at NASA's mission control. The first part of the mission had been a success, but the most important task was still ahead, the moonwalk.

Neil and Buzz prepared to step onto the lunar surface. They put on their spacesuits, checked their equipment, and made their way to the lunar module's hatch.

Neil was the first to step onto the moon. As he set foot on the lunar surface, he spoke the famous words, that's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Buzz followed him and together they explored the moon's surface, collected rock samples and set up scientific instruments. Their time on the moon was brief, but it was a momentous achievement.

After completing their tasks, Neil and Buzz returned to the lunar module.

They rejoined Michael in the command module and together they began the journey back to Earth.

The re-entry and landing were smooth and the astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean.

The Apollo 11 mission was a triumph of human ingenuity, teamwork and determination.

Neil, Buzz and Michael had made history, fulfilling President Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. Neil Armstrong's preparation for Apollo 11 was a testament to his dedication and skill.

The intense training, careful planning and strong teamwork were crucial to the mission's success.

As we look to the future, we can draw inspiration from their example, knowing that with determination and hard work, we too can reach for the stars.

The day of the Apollo 11 launch was finally here.

It was July 16th, 1969. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins had prepared for this moment for months.

They were ready to make history by landing on the moon. The world was watching, filled with excitement and anticipation.

The astronauts woke up early. Their hearts were beating fast with a mix of excitement and nervousness.

They knew the importance of their mission. After breakfast, they put on their space suits with the help of NASA technicians.

These suits were designed to protect them in space and on the moon. After suiting up, Neil, Buzz and Michael made their way to the launch pad.

They rode in a special van, feeling the weight of their mission. As they arrived at the towering Saturn V rocket, they were awed by its size and power.

It was the most powerful rocket ever built, standing 363 feet tall.

The crew entered the elevator that took them to the top of the rocket. From there, they climbed into the command module, named Columbia.

They strapped into their seats, ready for the final checks. The control room at NASA, known as Mission Control, was busy with activity.

Engineers and scientists worked together, ensuring everything was perfect for the launch.

The countdown began. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, lift off.

The engines roared to life, and the ground shook as the Saturn V lifted off the launch pad.

The rocket climbed higher and higher into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke.

Inside the command module, Neil, Buzz and Michael felt the powerful force of the launch pressing them into their seats. As the rocket ascended, the first stage of the Saturn V burned through its fuel, and then separated.

The second stage ignited, pushing them further into space.

The astronauts felt the vibrations and heard the roar of the engines, but they stayed focused on their instruments and tasks. The journey to the Moon took three days.

During this time, Neil, Buzz and Michael performed various tasks to ensure everything was working correctly.

They checked the spacecraft's systems, communicated with Mission Control, and even took some time to look out the window at the Earth getting smaller and smaller. The crew experienced the wonder of space travel.

Floating in zero gravity was a strange but exciting feeling.

They moved around the command module with ease, using gentle pushes to navigate.

The view of Earth from space was breathtaking. The blue and white planet looked so peaceful and beautiful from afar.

As they approached the Moon, the astronauts prepared for the next critical phase of the mission.

Michael Collins would stay in the command module, Columbia, orbiting the Moon.

Neil and Buzz would transfer to the lunar module, named Eagle, and descend to the Moon's surface.

The separation of the lunar module was a tense moment. Neil and Buzz moved into the Eagle, checked all systems, and prepared for descent.

Michael wished them luck as they began their journey down to the Moon.

The lunar module's descent was filled with tension. Neil and Buzz carefully monitored their speed and altitude.

As they approached the surface, they realised that their planned landing site was too rocky.

Neil had to take manual control and find a safer spot to land.

He remained calm, guiding the Eagle with precision. Finally, the lunar module touched down on the Moon's surface.

Neil's voice came over the radio. Houston, Tranquility Base here.

The Eagle has landed. Cheers erupted in mission control and around the world.

The first part of their mission was a success. Neil and Buzz prepared for their historic Moonwalk.

They put on their helmets and gloves, checked their oxygen supply, and made their way to the hatch.

Neil would be the first to step onto the Moon, followed by Buzz.

As Neil descended the ladder, he felt a mix of excitement and responsibility.

He knew the whole world was watching. When he reached the last rung, he looked at the lunar surface, then stepped down, making history.

His words echoed around the globe. That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

Buzz joined Neil on the surface, and together they explored the Moon.

They collected rock samples, set up scientific experiments, and planted the American flag.

The surface of the Moon was dusty and rocky, with a strange, otherworldly beauty.

Moving around in the low gravity was challenging, but they adapted quickly.

After spending about two hours on the Moon, Neil and Buzz returned to the lunar module.

They had completed their tasks and were ready to reunite with Michael in the command module.

The ascent from the Moon's surface was smooth, and they successfully docked with Columbia.

The journey back to Earth was filled with a sense of accomplishment. They had achieved their goal and made history.

The crew continued to monitor the spacecraft's systems and prepare for re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.

Re-entry was a critical phase. The command module faced intense heat as it descended through the atmosphere.

The astronauts felt the G-forces pressing them into their seats. The heat shield protected them, and soon they were splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.

Recovery teams were ready and waiting, bringing them safely aboard a ship. The world celebrated their return.

Neil, Buzz and Michael were hailed as heroes. They had accomplished something that had once seemed impossible.

Their mission showed what human ingenuity, teamwork and determination could achieve.

The Apollo 11 mission was not just about reaching the Moon. It was about pushing the boundaries of what we thought possible.

It showed that with hard work, dedication and teamwork, we can achieve great things.

Neil, Buzz and Michael's journey to the Moon will always be remembered as a testament to human spirit and determination.

July 20th, 1969 was a day that would be remembered forever. On this day, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.

His famous words, That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, marked a historic moment for humanity. Neil and Buzz Aldrin were in the lunar module, Eagle, ready to make their descent to the Moon's surface.

Michael Collins remained in the command module, Columbia, orbiting the Moon.

Neil and Buzz carefully checked their equipment and prepared for the landing. As the Eagle approached the Moon, Neil and Buzz noticed that their planned landing site was filled with rocks.

Neil took manual control of the lunar module, searching for a safer place to land.

The tension was high, fuel was running low and they needed to land quickly.

Neil's experience as a pilot helped him remain calm. He spotted a flat area and guided the Eagle down.

The lunar module touched the surface gently. Houston, tranquility base here.

The Eagle has landed, Neil reported. Cheers erupted in mission control and around the world.

The moment had come for Neil to step onto the Moon. He moved slowly and carefully, checking his suit and equipment one last time.

Then, he opened the hatch and began to climb down the ladder.

His heart was pounding with excitement and anticipation. As Neil reached the bottom of the ladder, he paused.

He looked at the lunar surface, taking in the sight of the grey dust and rocks.

He knew the world was watching. With a deep breath, he stepped off the ladder and onto the Moon.

That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, he said.

His words echoed across the globe and people everywhere felt a sense of wonder and pride.

Buzz Aldrin joined Neil on the surface soon after. Together, they began their tasks.

They moved slowly in the low gravity, which was one-sixth that of Earth.

Each step was a careful hop and they had to adjust to the strange feeling of walking on the Moon.

Neil and Buzz had several important tasks to complete. First, they collected rock and soil samples.

They used special tools to dig into the lunar surface and gather materials.

These samples would be studied back on Earth to learn more about the Moon's composition. Next, they set up scientific experiments.

One of these was the solar wind composition experiment, which would measure the particles coming from the Sun.

They also placed a seismometer to detect moonquakes and other movements on the lunar surface.

These experiments would provide valuable data for scientists. Another important task was to plant the American flag.

Neil and Buzz carefully unfolded the flag and planted it into the ground.

The flag symbolised the achievement of not just America, but all of humanity.

It represented the hard work, determination and spirit of exploration that made this mission possible.

Neil and Buzz spent about two-and-a-half hours on the lunar surface. They worked efficiently, knowing their time was limited.

They took photographs, documented their activities and shared their observations with Mission Control.

Every action was carefully planned and executed. The view from the Moon was breathtaking.

The sky was pitch black, with no atmosphere to scatter the sunlight. The Earth hung in the sky, a beautiful blue and white ball.

Neil and Buzz marvelled at the sight, feeling a deep connection to their home planet.

As their time on the Moon came to an end, Neil and Buzz returned to the lunar module.

They climbed back up the ladder, bringing their samples and equipment with them. Inside the Eagle, they prepared for the ascent back to the Command Module.

The ascent was smooth, and soon they were reunited with Michael Collins.

The three astronauts were happy to be together again. They transferred the samples and equipment to the Command Module and prepared for the journey back to Earth.

The trip home was filled with a sense of accomplishment. The astronauts knew they had made history.

They had proven that humans could travel to the Moon, explore its surface and return safely.

This achievement was a testament to human ingenuity and determination.

Re-entry into Earth's atmosphere was the final challenge. The Command Module faced intense heat as it descended, protected by its heat shield.

Neil, Buzz and Michael felt the force of gravity return as they neared the surface.

With a splash, they landed in the Pacific Ocean. Recovery teams were ready and waiting to bring them safely aboard the USS Hornet.

The world celebrated their return. Parades, speeches and celebrations honoured the astronauts and their incredible achievement.

Neil, Buzz and Michael were hailed as heroes, but they knew the success belonged to the thousands of people who had worked on the Apollo program. The significance of the Moon landing was profound.

It showed that humanity could achieve extraordinary things through hard work, cooperation and perseverance.

It inspired generations to dream big and pursue their goals.

The Moon landing was not just a scientific achievement. It was a symbol of what humans could accomplish when they worked together.

The moment Neil stepped onto the Moon was a turning point in history. It showed that the sky was not the limit and that the Universe was open to exploration.

Neil's famous words, That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, captured the essence of this incredible journey. As we look back on the Apollo 11 mission, we are reminded of the power of human ingenuity and the importance of exploration. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins showed us that with hard work, dedication and a spirit of adventure, we can reach for the stars and achieve the impossible. Their legacy continues to inspire us to explore, discover and push the boundaries of what we know.

The Apollo 11 mission had achieved its primary goal, landing on the Moon and safely returning.

Now it was time for Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins to make their journey back to Earth.

The excitement of their successful mission was still fresh, but they knew the return trip was just as critical.

After rejoining Michael Collins in the command module, Columbia, Neil and Buzz transferred the lunar samples and equipment. They carefully checked everything to ensure it was secure. The lunar module, Eagle, was left behind as they prepared for their trip home.

The journey would take three days, and the astronauts were ready for the final phase of their mission.

As they travelled back to Earth, the astronauts continued to monitor the spacecraft systems.

They communicated regularly with mission control, ensuring that everything was functioning correctly.

The view from space was magnificent. The Earth grew larger each day, a beautiful blue and white sphere.

The crew also took some time to reflect on their journey. They shared their thoughts and feelings, marvelling at what they had accomplished.

Neil, Buzz and Michael knew they had been part of something historic, something that would inspire people for generations to come. The re-entry process began as they neared Earth.

This was a critical phase, requiring precise control and timing.

The command module had to enter the atmosphere at the correct angle. Too steep, and they would burn up.

Too shallow, and they would skip off the atmosphere and back into space.

The heat shield on the command module was designed to protect them from the intense heat of re-entry.

As they approached, Neil, Buzz and Michael strapped into their seats, feeling the anticipation and tension.

They trusted their training and the spacecraft's design, but they knew the dangers.

Re-entry started with a fiery descent. The command module hit the atmosphere, and the heat shield glowed bright orange.

The spacecraft shook violently as it slowed down, the G-forces pressing the astronauts into their seats.

Communication with mission control was lost for a few minutes due to the ionised gases surrounding the spacecraft.

Inside the command module, Neil, Buzz and Michael stayed calm.

They felt the intense heat and pressure, but remained focused. They knew they were close to home.

After a few tense minutes, communication was restored, and mission control confirmed that the re-entry was going as planned. As the command module descended, parachutes deployed to slow their fall.

First, the drogue shoots, and then the main chutes opened, creating a gentle descent toward the Pacific Ocean.

The tension eased as the astronauts saw the parachutes working perfectly.

The splashdown occurred on July 24th, 1969. The command module hit the water with a big splash, bobbing gently in the ocean waves.

Recovery teams were already on their way. The USS Hornet, an aircraft carrier, was nearby, ready to bring the astronauts aboard.

Navy divers reached the command module first. They secured it, and helped Neil, Buzz and Michael out of the spacecraft.

The astronauts were put into a small inflatable boat, and then lifted onto a helicopter.

From there, they were flown to the USS Hornet. As they stepped onto the deck of the USS Hornet, the astronauts were greeted with cheers and applause.

They had successfully completed their mission and returned safely to Earth.

President Richard Nixon was there to welcome them back and congratulate them on their historic achievement.

For safety reasons, the astronauts were placed in quarantine. Scientists wanted to ensure they had not brought back any harmful pathogens from the Moon.

Neil, Buzz and Michael spent 21 days in quarantine, during which they were closely monitored and examined.

They communicated with their families and the public through a glass window, sharing their experiences and answering questions. The world celebrated their return.

People from all corners of the globe rejoiced at the success of the Apollo 11 mission.

Parades, speeches and celebrations honoured the astronauts and their incredible achievement.

Schools, workplaces and homes buzzed with excitement, and many were inspired by the accomplishment.

The global reaction was overwhelmingly positive. The Moon landing was seen as a triumph of human spirit and ingenuity.

It showed that with determination, teamwork and advanced technology, humans could achieve extraordinary things.

Countries around the world congratulated the United States and the mission fostered a sense of unity and shared pride. The scientific community was eager to study the lunar samples brought back by the astronauts.

These samples provided valuable insights into the Moon's composition and history.

Scientists around the world collaborated to analyse the data, leading to new discoveries and a deeper understanding of our nearest celestial neighbour. For Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, the return to Earth marked the end of one journey and the beginning of another. They became global icons, symbols of exploration and human potential.

Their experiences were documented in countless interviews, articles and books, inspiring future generations to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The Apollo 11 mission was more than just a space flight.

It was a symbol of what humans can achieve when they work together towards a common goal.

Neil, Buzz and Michael's journey back to Earth demonstrated the importance of resilience and the strength of the human spirit. As we look back on the Apollo 11 mission, we are reminded of the boundless possibilities of exploration and discovery, the return to Earth was not just the end of a mission, but the beginning of a new era of space exploration. It showed that the sky is not the limit, and that with courage and determination we can reach for the stars and achieve the impossible. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins' safe return to Earth was a testament to human ingenuity and perseverance. Their journey continues to inspire us to explore, dream and push the boundaries of what we know.

The legacy of Apollo 11 lives on, encouraging us to look beyond our horizons and strive for greatness.

After the historic Apollo 11 mission, Neil Armstrong returned to Earth as a global hero.

However, his life did not stop being interesting and impactful. Neil continued to contribute to science and technology in many ways, focusing on education, business and promoting space exploration. After the quarantine period, Neil and his fellow astronauts were celebrated all over the world.

They visited many countries, sharing their experiences and inspiring people everywhere.

Neil, however, remained humble and focused on his passion for aviation and education.

In 1971, Neil Armstrong made a significant decision.

He left NASA and became a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati.

Teaching was a new adventure for Neil. He wanted to share his knowledge and experience with young minds, inspiring the next generation of engineers and scientists. At the university, Neil was known as a dedicated and approachable teacher.

He enjoyed working with students, helping them understand complex concepts in aviation and space technology.

Neil's classes were popular and many students were inspired by his real-life experiences and stories.

He believed in the power of education and the importance of inspiring curiosity and innovation.

Neil's teaching career was not just about lectures. He also participated in research projects, guiding students in their own explorations.

He encouraged hands-on learning, where students could work on actual problems and develop practical solutions.

Neil's approach to teaching emphasised the importance of critical thinking and creativity.

In addition to teaching, Neil continued to work with NASA and other organisations.

He served on several important committees, providing valuable insights and recommendations.

One notable role was his participation in the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Neil's experience and knowledge helped the Commission understand what went wrong and how to improve safety in future missions. Neil also contributed to the business world.

He served on the boards of several companies, including technology firms and aerospace companies.

His expertise in aviation and space exploration was highly valued.

Neil helped guide these companies, ensuring they stayed innovative and focused on quality.

Throughout his life, Neil Armstrong remained a strong advocate for space exploration.

He believed that exploring space was essential for advancing human knowledge and improving life on Earth.

Neil gave many speeches and interviews, sharing his vision for the future of space travel.

He inspired many people to support space programmes and pursue careers in science and technology.

Neil's contributions extended beyond the United States. He was a global ambassador for space exploration, visiting many countries and collaborating with international organisations. He believed that space exploration was a global effort and that humanity should work together to achieve great things. One of Neil's key messages was the importance of perseverance and determination.

He often spoke about the challenges he faced during his career and how he overcame them.

Neil's story showed that success is not just about talent, but also about hard work and resilience.

This message resonated with many people, inspiring them to pursue their own dreams despite obstacles.

Neil Armstrong's impact on education and science was profound. He inspired countless students and professionals to push the boundaries of what is possible.

His dedication to teaching and sharing knowledge left a lasting legacy in the academic world.

In his later years, Neil continued to be active in various projects. He supported efforts to develop new technologies and explore new frontiers.

Neil's passion for exploration never waned, and he remained curious and engaged until the end of his life.

Neil Armstrong passed away on August 25, 2012, at the age of 82.

His death was mourned by people all over the world. He was remembered not only as the first person to walk on the moon, but also as a teacher, a mentor and an advocate for science and exploration. Neil's story also highlights the importance of staying humble and focused on one's passions, Despite his fame, he remained committed to his work and continued to contribute to society in meaningful ways.

His life after Apollo 11 was marked by a desire to help others and make a positive impact on the world.

Neil Armstrong's legacy continues to inspire us today. His contributions to science, technology and education have left an indelible mark on history.

As we look to the future, we can draw inspiration from Neil's example, knowing that with determination, hard work and a passion for exploration, we can achieve great things.

Neil's life after Apollo 11 was a testament to the power of knowledge and the importance of sharing it with others. His journey shows that the quest for discovery does not end with a single achievement, but continues throughout one's life. Neil Armstrong's story encourages us to keep learning, keep exploring and always reach for the stars.

Neil Armstrong's life is a story of curiosity, dedication and remarkable achievements.

His journey from a small town boy to the first person to walk on the moon is a testament to the power of dreams and the importance of perseverance. As we reflect on his legacy, we can see how his contributions have inspired generations of dreamers and explorers.

Neil Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio.

From a young age, he was fascinated by flight. His passion for aviation led him to become a skilled pilot and engineer.

He served as a naval aviator during the Korean War, testing his skills in challenging conditions.

After the war, Neil continued his studies and became a test pilot, pushing the boundaries of aviation technology.

In 1962, Neil joined NASA as an astronaut. His calm demeanor, quick thinking and technical expertise made him an ideal candidate for the space program.

Neil's first space flight was the Gemini 8 mission in 1966, where he demonstrated his ability to handle emergencies with grace and skill. This experience prepared him for the most significant mission of his life, Apollo 11.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong made history by stepping onto the moon.

His famous words, that's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, echoed around the world.

This moment symbolized the culmination of years of hard work, innovation and international cooperation.

The successful moon landing showed that humans could achieve extraordinary things through determination and teamwork. After the Apollo 11 mission, Neil continued to contribute to science and technology.

He became a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati, where he inspired countless students. Neil also served on various committees, providing valuable insights into space exploration and aviation safety.

His work with NASA and other organizations helped advance our understanding of space and improve the safety of future missions. Neil's legacy extends far beyond his achievements in space.

He embodied the spirit of exploration and the pursuit of knowledge. His story encourages us to be curious, to dream big and to work hard to achieve our goals.

Neil's life teaches us that success is not just about talent, but also about dedication, perseverance and the willingness to take risks. One of the most important lessons we can learn from Neil Armstrong is the value of preparation.

Throughout his career, Neil faced many challenges, but his thorough preparation and attention to detail helped him overcome them. Whether it was flying a test plane, piloting a spacecraft or teaching a class, Neil always took the time to prepare and do his best. Neil's story also highlights the importance of teamwork.

The success of the Apollo 11 mission was not just due to the astronauts, but also to the thousands of engineers, scientists and support staff who worked behind the scenes. Neil often spoke about the collective effort that made the moon landing possible.

This lesson reminds us that great achievements are often the result of collaboration and cooperation.

Another key aspect of Neil's legacy is his humility. Despite his fame, Neil remained humble and focused on his work.

He understood that his achievements were part of a larger journey of exploration and discovery.

Neil's humility teaches us to stay grounded and to recognise the contributions of others in our successes.

Neil Armstrong's impact on space exploration is immeasurable.

His achievements paved the way for future missions and inspired new generations of scientists, engineers and astronauts. The technology developed during the Apollo programme continues to influence modern space exploration.

Neil's legacy lives on in the ongoing efforts to explore the moon, Mars and beyond.

Neil's legacy also reminds us of the importance of exploration.

Throughout history, humans have been driven by a desire to discover new frontiers.

Neil Armstrong's moon landing was a significant milestone in this ongoing quest.

His achievements inspire us to continue exploring, whether it's through space travel, scientific research or personal growth. As we look to the future, Neil Armstrong's legacy will continue to inspire us.

His contributions to space exploration have left an indelible mark on history.

The lessons we can learn from his life are timeless. The importance of preparation, the value of teamwork, the power of perseverance and the need for humility.

Neil Armstrong's story is a beacon of hope and inspiration. It shows us that with courage, dedication and a willingness to explore the unknown, we can achieve incredible things. His legacy encourages us to dream big and to reach for the stars, knowing that anything is possible with hard work and determination.

Neil Armstrong's life was filled with moments that changed history. He was the first person to walk on the moon, a feat that inspired people all over the world.

But his legacy is more than just one step on the lunar surface. It is about the many lessons we can learn from his life of dedication, hard work and exploration.

Neil Armstrong was born in a small town in Ohio on August 5, 1930.

From a young age, he was fascinated by flying. He became a skilled pilot and served as a naval aviator during the Korean War.

After the war, he continued his studies and became a test pilot. His calm demeanor and technical expertise made him an ideal candidate for NASA's astronaut program.

In 1962, Neil joined NASA. His first spaceflight was the Gemini 8 mission in 1966, where he showed his ability to handle emergencies with grace and skill. This experience prepared him for the most significant mission of his life, Apollo 11.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong made history by stepping onto the moon.

His famous words, that's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, symbolized the culmination of years of hard work and innovation. After the Apollo 11 mission, Neil's life continued to be remarkable.

He became a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati.

He was passionate about teaching and inspiring the next generation of engineers and scientists.

Neil's classes were popular and many students were inspired by his real-life experiences.

He believed in the power of education and the importance of inspiring curiosity and innovation.

Neil also worked with NASA and other organizations. He served on several important committees, providing valuable insights into space exploration and aviation safety.

One notable role was his participation in the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Neil's experience and knowledge helped the Commission understand what went wrong and how to improve safety in future missions. Neil's contributions extended to the business world as well.

He served on the boards of several companies, including technology firms and aerospace companies.

His expertise in aviation and space exploration was highly valued.

Neil helped guide these companies, ensuring they stayed innovative and focused on quality.

Throughout his life, Neil Armstrong remained a strong advocate for space exploration.

He believed that exploring space was essential for advancing human knowledge and improving life on Earth.

Neil gave many speeches and interviews, sharing his vision for the future of space travel.

He inspired many people to support space programs and pursue careers in science and technology.

Neil's legacy extends far beyond his achievements in space. He embodied the spirit of exploration and the pursuit of knowledge.

His story encourages us to be curious, to dream big and to work hard to achieve our goals.

Neil's life teaches us that success is not just about talent, but also about dedication, perseverance and the willingness to take risks. One of the most important lessons we can learn from Neil Armstrong is the value of preparation.

Throughout his career, Neil faced many challenges, but his thorough preparation and attention to detail helped him overcome them. Whether it was flying a test plane, piloting a spacecraft or teaching a class, Neil always took the time to prepare and do his best. Neil's story also highlights the importance of teamwork.

The success of the Apollo 11 mission was not just due to the astronauts, but also to the thousands of engineers, scientists and support staff who worked behind the scenes.

Neil often spoke about the collective effort that made the moon landing possible. This lesson reminds us that great achievements are often the result of collaboration and cooperation.

Another key aspect of Neil's legacy is his humility. Despite his fame, Neil remained humble and focused on his work.

He understood that his achievements were part of a larger journey of exploration and discovery.

Neil's humility teaches us to stay grounded and to recognise the contributions of others in our successes.

Neil Armstrong's impact on space exploration is immeasurable. His achievements paved the way for future missions and inspired new generations of scientists, engineers and astronauts. The technology developed during the Apollo programme continues to influence modern space exploration.

Neil's legacy lives on in the ongoing efforts to explore the Moon, Mars and beyond.

Neil's legacy also reminds us of the importance of exploration. Throughout history, humans have been driven by a desire to discover new frontiers.

Neil Armstrong's moon landing was a significant milestone in this ongoing quest.

His achievements inspire us to continue exploring, whether it's through space travel, scientific research or personal growth. As we look to the future, Neil Armstrong's legacy will continue to inspire us.

His contributions to space exploration have left an indelible mark on history.

The lessons we can learn from his life are timeless. The importance of preparation, the value of teamwork, the power of perseverance and the need for humility.

Neil Armstrong's story is a beacon of hope and inspiration. It shows us that with courage, dedication and a willingness to explore the unknown, we can achieve incredible things. His legacy encourages us to dream big and to reach for the stars, knowing that anything is possible with hard work and determination. In conclusion, Neil Armstrong's enduring legacy as a pioneer of space exploration is a testament to the power of human spirit. His life's journey, marked by curiosity, dedication and remarkable achievements, continues to inspire us to explore, discover and push the boundaries of what is possible.

As we remember Neil Armstrong, we are reminded of the endless possibilities that lie ahead and the extraordinary potential within each of us to make a difference in the world.

 

Как образуется Passive Voice

Passive Voice, или пассивный залог, в английском используется, когда в речи не указывается, кто совершает действие. И тогда создаётся впечатление, что оно совершается само: например, дом строится или лук обжаривается. Разбираемся, что такое Passive Voice и по каким правилам употребляется.

Что такое Passive Voice

В английском языке выделяют два залога:

• Активный (Active Voice): деятель известен и назван в предложении.
• Пассивный или страдательный (Passive Voice): неважно или неизвестно, кто выполняет действие.

Сравните:

A thief stole a car yesterday — «Вор вчера украл машину». Это активный залог: известен деятель (вор), и он совершил кражу.

The car was stolen yesterday — «Машина была украдена вчера». Здесь использован страдательный залог: действие совершено над машиной, но мы не знаем, кто это сделал, и потому его не называем. Или свершивший действие не так важен, как сам факт произошедшего.

Отличить активный залог от пассивного просто: нужно подумать, активно ли подлежащее в предложении. Во втором случае машина сама себя не крала, значит, она была пассивна (или пострадала от этого). Отсюда и идёт название залога — пассивный.

В Lingualeo для отработки пассивного залога используются схематические картинки с объектом и субъектом действия, чаще всего забавными или абсурдными — так легче запоминать. Мы уверены, что изучение английского языка в развлекательной форме позволяет быстрее осваивать азы грамматики и лексики, успешнее справляться с диалогами и ориентироваться в нестандартных ситуациях.

Случаи, в которых используется страдательный залог в английском

Основных случаев употребления Passive Voice всего семь. Обычно его используют в текстах, особенно часто — в произведениях позапрошлого века. Для устной речи конструкции со множеством вспомогательных глаголов считаются громоздкими. Немного подробнее о каждом случае.

Исполнитель не называется или отсутствует

Страдательный залог в английском языке используется, если говорящему неизвестен автор действия или же из контекста ясно, кто является исполнителем.

The bed in the room will be made up — «Постель в номере будет заправлена».

В центре внимания — действие

Если важнее действие, а не тот, кто его совершает, также используется Passive Voice. Часто грамматическую конструкцию можно встретить в рекламе, новостях, заголовках и пр.

Headphones will be given to the first 10 smartphone buyers — «Первым 10 покупателям смартфонов подарят наушники».

Общеизвестные факты

При описании общеизвестных фактов используется пассивная форма глагола. К этому же случаю относится сообщение популярных идей и общественных мнений.

The water is turned off every summer — «Воду отключают каждое лето».

Описание приготовления чего-либо

Все рецепты обычно пишутся в пассивном залоге — это позволяет обезличить предложения. И из контекста ясно, что все действия совершает тот, кто готовит. 

The cucumbers are sliced thinly — «Огурцы нарезаются тонко».

Вежливое или формальное обращение

Нередко страдательный залог употребляется в деловой переписке, когда требуется вежливое обращение, нейтральный тон, соблюдение формальностей. Такое часто встречается в объявлениях в общественных местах.

Hot water will be switched off in June — «Горячую воду отключат в июне».

You will be met at the hotel — «Вас встретят в гостинице».

Использование в научных докладах

Часто пассивные конструкции встречают в текстах научных работ, например в обзоре литературы, когда делаются какие-то обобщенные выводы и не указываются имена конкретных исследователей. Или наоборот, подразумевается, что дальше будет расшифровка тезиса.

Many works have been devoted to this problem — «Этой проблеме посвящено множество работ».

Неблагоприятное событие

Если нужно рассказать, что случилась какая-то неприятность, но при этом желательно в силу тех или иных условий не указывать на того, кто был виновником происшествия. Страдальный залог в этом случае помогает несколько смягчить критику.

The pool was cleaned horribly — «Бассейн был почищен ужасно».

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Как образуется Passive Voice

Правило образования Passive Voice простое: глагол to be в нужной форме (зависит от времени, в котором используется) и третья форма смыслового глагола.

Напомним! В Past Participle у правильных глаголов на конце добавляется -ed. Как изменяются неправильные, необходимо заучивать или смотреть в специальной таблице.

Время	Использование	Формула образования	Примеры passive voice
Present Simple	Действие, которое происходит регулярно	is/am/are + V3	The dragon is fed every day — «Дракона кормят каждый день»
Past Simple	Действие, совершённое в прошлом	was/were + V3	The dragon was fed yesterday — «Дракона кормили вчера»
Future Simple	Действие, которое может произойти в будущем	will be + V3	The dragon will be fed tomorrow — «Дракона покормят завтра»
Present Continuous	Действие происходит в момент речи	am/is/are + being + V3	The dragon is being fed at the moment — «Дракона кормят прямо сейчас»
Past Continuous	Действие было в процессе в конкретный момент в прошлом	was/were + being + V3	The dragon was being fed when Harry came — «Дракона кормили, когда пришел Гарри»
Future Continuous	Используется крайне редко, обозначает действие, которое будет происходить в какой-то момент в будущем	will + be + being + V3	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dragon will be being fed by Hagrid — «В 8 вечера дракон будет накормлен Хагридом»
Present Perfect	Действие совершилось недавно, но акцент делается на результате	has/have + been + V3	The dragon looks so happy! He has been fed recently — «Дракон выглядит таким счастливым! Его недавно покормили»
Past Perfect	Действие завершилось до определённого момента в прошлом или до того, как другое действие началось	had been + V3	The dragon had been fed before I came — «Дракона накормили до того, как я пришёл»
Future Perfect	Действие завершится в будущем до определённого момента	will + have + been + V3	The dragon will have been fed by 8 o’clock — «Дракона накормят к 8 часам»

Обратите внимание! В таблице Passive Voice нет группы времён Perfect Continuous, так как они не используются в страдательном залоге. Подробнее о всех временах английского языка мы рассказываем на наших курсах для начинающих.

Отрицания и вопросы в страдательном залоге

Отрицания и вопросы в пассивном залоге образуются так же, как и в активном:

• Отрицание образуется с помощью частицы not, которую ставят после вспомогательного глагола. Если это сложное время и вспомогательных глаголов несколько, то not ставится после первого. The rented car will not be returned by Friday — «Арендованную машину не вернут к пятнице».
• Специальный вопрос задаётся с помощью вопросительного слова, которое занимает первое место в предложении. А сразу за ним идёт вспомогательный глагол. Where were you learned to drive like that? — «Где тебя научили так водить?»
• Для образования общего вопроса не требуется вопросительное слово, предложение сразу же начнётся со вспомогательного глагола. Will pizza be delivered tomorrow? — «Пиццу доставят завтра?»
• Вопросительно-отрицательные формы пассивного залога требуют более сложного порядка слов: сначала ставится первый вспомогательный глагол, потом подлежащее, следом — частица not. Если используется сокращённая форма отрицания n’t, то она прикрепляется к вспомогательному глаголу в начале предложения. Has the pizza not been delivered? — «Пицца не доставлена?» / Hasn’t the pizza been delivered? — «Пицца не доставлена?»

Использование модальных глаголов в Passive Voice

Все модальные глаголы используются в Passive Voice. В итоге получается такая конструкция: модальный глагол + (to) be + смысловой глагол в 3 форме.

Модальные глаголы в страдательном залоге (примеры):

• be supposed to be (считаться, что; предполагаться, что);
• can be (может быть);
• have to be (должен быть);
• may be (может быть);
• might be (возможно);
• must be (должен быть);
• ought to be (следует быть);
• should be (следует быть).

Например: Dirty dishes must be washed — «Грязная посуда должна быть помыта».

Предлоги by и with в страдательном залоге

Если в предложении нужно указать, кто (или что) был деятелем, используют предлоги by и with, при этом активное лицо (или предмет) при переводе ставится в косвенный падеж, чаще всего творительный.

Если действие произвёл человек, животное или стихия, то используют предлог by:

The seeds were stolen by a hamster — «Семечки были украдены хомяком».

The village was destroyed by fire — «Деревня была разрушена пожаром».

Если в качестве деятеля выступает какой-то неодушевлённый предмет, например рабочий инструмент, то используется предлог with:

The nails are driven with a hammer — «Гвозди забиваются с помощью молотка».

Другие формы пассивного залога

Страдательный залог может употребляться ещё в некоторых формах. Часто эти конструкции встречаются в косвенной речи.

To be + V3

I expect the hotel’s renovation to be done by the May — «Я ожидаю, что реновацию отеля закончат к маю».

To have been + V3

Harry was really surprised to haven’t been punished by Professor Snape — «Гарри был очень удивлён, что не был наказан Профессором Снейпом».

Being + V3

Nobody likes being treated unfairly — «Никому не нравится, когда с ним обращаются несправедливо».

Как сделать из активного залога пассивный

Предложение в активном залоге строится по стандартной схеме: активное подлежащее + сказуемое (действие, которое совершает подлежащее) + дополнение + прочие члены предложения. Например: Dad’s fixing the car — «Папа ремонтирует машину».

Если необходим страдательный залог, то порядок слов несколько изменится: предмет, над которым совершается действие (в активном залоге это дополнение), ставится на первое место, затем идет глагол to be в нужной видовременной форме, а к нему уже прикрепляется смысловой глагол, обозначающий действие в 3 форме. Если есть автор действия, то о нём упоминают после глаголов, используя by или with. Затем идут остальные члены предложения.

Тогда наше предложение трансформируется: The car is being repaired by Dad — «Машина ремонтируется папой».

Глаголы с предлогами в Passive Voice

В английском языке есть ряд глаголов, которые всегда употребляются с предлогами. В пассивном залоге предлоги сохраняются и ставятся после смыслового глагола в третьей форме.

The problem of global warming is being worked on — «Над проблемой глобального потепления работают».

Безличные и личные конструкции (impersonal construction, personal construction)

Если в предложении сообщается общеизвестный факт или предположение, где не идёт речи о лице, совершающем действие, то используется страдательный залог. Так показывают, что конкретного деятеля нет или это неважно. Приведённые ниже глаголы употребляются в Passive Voice только в этом контексте:

• to believe (верить, полагать);
• to expect (ожидать);
• to feel (чувствовать);
• to hope (надеяться);
• to know (знать);
• to report (сообщать);
• to say (говорить);
• to think (думать);
• to understand (понимать).

It is said that Harry Potter has a scar on his forhead — «Говорят, что у Гарри Поттера есть шрам на лбу».